• 목록
• 답변
• 글쓰기
• 게시판 리스트 옵션
  • 수정
  • 삭제

What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the concept that natural processes can lead to the development of organisms over time. This includes the development of new species as well as the transformation of the appearance of existing ones.

Numerous examples have been offered of this, including different varieties of fish called sticklebacks that can live in either salt or fresh water, and walking stick insect varieties that prefer specific host plants. These reversible traits do not explain the fundamental changes in basic body plans.

Evolution through Natural Selection

Scientists have been fascinated by the evolution of all the living creatures that live on our planet for ages. Charles Darwin's natural selection is the most well-known explanation. This is because individuals who are better-adapted survive and reproduce more than those who are less well-adapted. Over time, a population of well-adapted individuals expands and eventually becomes a new species.

Natural selection is a cyclical process that is characterized by the interaction of three factors that are inheritance, 에볼루션바카라 variation and reproduction. Variation is caused by mutations and sexual reproduction both of which enhance the genetic diversity of a species. Inheritance refers the transmission of a person’s genetic characteristics, which includes both dominant and recessive genes, to their offspring. Reproduction is the process of producing viable, fertile offspring. This can be achieved via sexual or asexual methods.

Natural selection is only possible when all of these factors are in harmony. For example the case where the dominant allele of one gene causes an organism to survive and reproduce more often than the recessive one, the dominant allele will be more prominent in the population. If the allele confers a negative advantage to survival or decreases the fertility of the population, it will disappear. The process is self-reinforced, meaning that an organism with a beneficial trait will survive and reproduce more than one with an inadaptive characteristic. The greater an organism's fitness which is measured by its ability to reproduce and endure, is the higher number of offspring it produces. Individuals with favorable characteristics, such as having a long neck in Giraffes, 에볼루션 사이트코리아 - funsilo.Date - or the bright white patterns on male peacocks are more likely than others to survive and reproduce which eventually leads to them becoming the majority.

Natural selection is a factor in populations and not on individuals. This is a crucial distinction from the Lamarckian evolution theory, which states that animals acquire traits through the use or 에볼루션 코리아; https://fewpal.com/post/1329465_https-www-openlearning-com-u-cottonhale-sowwv1-blog-buzzwordsdebuzzed10othermeth.html, absence of use. If a giraffe expands its neck to catch prey and the neck grows longer, then its children will inherit this characteristic. The length difference between generations will persist until the giraffe's neck gets so long that it can not breed with other giraffes.

Evolution through Genetic Drift

Genetic drift occurs when the alleles of one gene are distributed randomly in a population. At some point, one will attain fixation (become so common that it cannot be eliminated through natural selection), while other alleles fall to lower frequencies. In extreme cases, this leads to a single allele dominance. The other alleles have been virtually eliminated and heterozygosity been reduced to a minimum. In a small group it could lead to the complete elimination of recessive alleles. Such a scenario would be known as a bottleneck effect and it is typical of evolutionary process that takes place when a large number of individuals move to form a new group.

A phenotypic bottleneck may happen when the survivors of a disaster like an epidemic or a massive hunting event, are condensed within a narrow area. The survivors will have an dominant allele, and will share the same phenotype. This could be caused by war, earthquake or even a cholera outbreak. The genetically distinct population, if it remains vulnerable to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, 에볼루션바카라 Lewens, and Ariew employ a "purely outcome-oriented" definition of drift as any deviation from expected values for variations in fitness. They cite a famous instance of twins who are genetically identical, share identical phenotypes but one is struck by lightning and dies, whereas the other lives and reproduces.

This kind of drift can play a significant part in the evolution of an organism. It's not the only method of evolution. Natural selection is the main alternative, 에볼루션바카라 in which mutations and migration maintain the phenotypic diversity of a population.

Stephens claims that there is a vast difference between treating the phenomenon of drift as an agent or cause and treating other causes like selection mutation and migration as causes and forces. He argues that a causal-process account of drift allows us differentiate it from other forces and this differentiation is crucial. He further argues that drift is a directional force: that is it tends to reduce heterozygosity, and that it also has a specific magnitude that is determined by population size.

Evolution by Lamarckism

Biology students in high school are often exposed to Jean-Baptiste lamarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution, also referred to as "Lamarckism which means that simple organisms develop into more complex organisms taking on traits that result from an organism's use and disuse. Lamarckism is typically illustrated with the image of a giraffe that extends its neck to reach higher up in the trees. This would cause giraffes to give their longer necks to offspring, who then become taller.

Lamarck was a French zoologist and, in his inaugural lecture for his course on invertebrate Zoology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on the 17th of May in 1802, he presented a groundbreaking concept that radically challenged the previous understanding of organic transformation. In his view living things evolved from inanimate matter through the gradual progression of events. Lamarck was not the only one to suggest that this could be the case, but the general consensus is that he was the one giving the subject its first broad and thorough treatment.

The most popular story is that Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection and Lamarckism fought in the 19th century. Darwinism ultimately prevailed, leading to what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. This theory denies that acquired characteristics can be inherited, and instead, it argues that organisms develop through the action of environmental factors, including natural selection.

Lamarck and his contemporaries endorsed the idea that acquired characters could be passed down to the next generation. However, this notion was never a key element of any of their theories about evolution. This is partly because it was never scientifically validated.

It has been more than 200 year since Lamarck's birth, and in the age genomics there is a growing evidence base that supports the heritability-acquired characteristics. This is often referred to as "neo-Lamarckism" or, more commonly, epigenetic inheritance. This is a variant that is just as valid as the popular neodarwinian model.

Evolution through Adaptation

One of the most popular misconceptions about evolution is that it is driven by a sort of struggle for survival. In fact, this view is inaccurate and overlooks the other forces that drive evolution. The struggle for survival is more accurately described as a struggle to survive in a specific environment, which may involve not only other organisms but also the physical environment.

Understanding the concept of adaptation is crucial to comprehend evolution. The term "adaptation" refers to any specific feature that allows an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment. It can be a physical structure like feathers or fur. It could also be a characteristic of behavior such as moving into the shade during hot weather or coming out to avoid the cold at night.

The ability of an organism to extract energy from its environment and interact with other organisms and their physical environments, is crucial to its survival. The organism must have the right genes to produce offspring and be able find enough food and resources. The organism must also be able to reproduce itself at a rate that is optimal for its particular niche.

These factors, in conjunction with mutations and gene flow can result in a shift in the proportion of different alleles in the population's gene pool. This shift in the frequency of alleles can lead to the emergence of novel traits and eventually, new species in the course of time.

Many of the features that we admire about animals and plants are adaptations, such as the lungs or gills that extract oxygen from the air, fur or feathers to protect themselves and long legs for running away from predators, and camouflage for hiding. To comprehend adaptation it is essential to distinguish between behavioral and physiological traits.

Physiological adaptations, like thick fur or gills are physical traits, while behavioral adaptations, like the desire to find companions or to move to shade in hot weather, are not. It is important to remember that a insufficient planning does not cause an adaptation. In fact, a failure to think about the consequences of a choice can render it unadaptive despite the fact that it appears to be reasonable or even essential.