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He left the question of finding a time calm enough, the sea smooth enough, a wire long enough, and a ship big enough,' to lay a line some sixteen hundred miles in length to other minds. It must be remembered, however, that these various systems have cost from ten to twenty times as much as similar overhead lines; that, for every mile of under-ground wire, there are many miles on poles; and that in Paris, which is the only city in the world having a complete under-ground system, there are unusual facilities for the running of wires, as sewers large enough to walk about in extend even under the less important streets of the city. We have an AE Secretarial Answering Unit, both wall and desk and dial and TC versions of 182 and 192 Starlite phones, 183 Spacesavers, and 982 Stylelines. I have several versions of this, including a ten line unit, and a more recent ten line unit in a plastic case. I have several of these in different colours. Wondering about AE Colours?

These were vailable in many colours. These also, what is electric cable were available in a number of colours. The cost per conductor thus increases enormously as the number of conductors diminishes, so that it would be clearly impossible to follow out the wires of an exchange system in all of their bifurcations. In 1855 the French government, having failed in their attempt to use gutta-percha wires, laid down a large number of bare wires in a trench filled in with bituminous compounds. See "Home Use Conversion". Please see the AE display on the "Physical Telephone Museum" page! This phone was used by independant telephone companies throughout Canada and the United States during the 50's and 60's. This was a pre-pay type phone, and was self contained, including a built in network, but no bell. ELECTRICIAN OF THE AMERICAN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY. Till now the enterprise had been purely American, and the funds provided by American capitalists, with the exception of a few shares held by Mr. J. W. Brett. Arriving in mid-ocean she proceeded to fish for the submerged line in two thousand fathoms of water, and after repeated failures, involving thirty casts of the grapnel, she hooked and raised it to surface, then spliced it to the fresh cable in her hold, and payed out to Heart's Content, where she arrived on Saturday, September 7. There were now two fibres of intelligence between the two hemispheres.

The Niagara passed several icebergs, but none injured the cable, and on August 4 she arrived in Trinity Bay, Newfoundland. It was too late to try again that year, but the following summer the Agamemnon and Niagara, after an experimental trip to the Bay of Biscay, sailed from Plymouth on June 10 with a full supply of cable, better gear than before, and a riper experience of the work. The cable fleet assembled at Valencia on 4 Aug. 1857. The shore end was landed on 5 Aug. Bright was on the Niagara and Professor Thomson on the Agamemnon. The result of this phenomenon is, that messages sent over one wire are liable to be received on all of the other wires, and, in the case of the telephone, this phenomenon is noticeable on cables one thousand feet long, and on a cable one mile long the parties on one wire can easily understand what those on the other wires are saying. In 1858 the administration decided to return to gutta-percha-covered cables laid in lead tubes. The introduction of gutta-percha, in 1846, accordingly gave a new impetus to under-ground construction, and, though it took years of experimenting and millions of dollars, and though system after system failed in England, Germany, and the rest of Europe, there exists to-day a successful and durable system of under-ground telegraph wires connecting together the principal cities of the German Empire, besides many other under-ground lines in various parts of Europe.

THE first telegraph line constructed in this country, from Baltimore to Washington, in 1843, was intended to be laid underground, and the first nine miles was so laid. When I left home, this collection went by the wayside until years later I got back into collecting phones, first concentrating on Western and Northern Electric phones, then most recently Phillips/Automatic Electric. This was a desk phone manufactured first by Phillips Electrical Works, then after 1954, by the Automatic Electric plant in Brockville. Next generation desk phone manufactured by Automatic Electric in Brockville. In England and on the Continent there has always been a strong desire to have a part, at least, of the electric wires under-ground. The siphon is, of course, in a mechanical sense, the most delicate part, but, in an electrical sense, the mouse-mill proves the most susceptible. His most important aid to the mariner is, however, the adjustable compass, which he brought out soon afterwards. The cables, of which several kinds are in use, run out from the basement of the central office through these pipes and up the side of buildings to roofs, from which they spread out to the subscribers by means of ordinary overhead lines.