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Flip-flops are one of the most essential electronic components supplier in digital electronics. They are essentially the basic memory elements used in digital circuits. The term flip-flop comes from the fact that it retains a bit of information that can be switched or changed from one state to another with the help of some external signal signal.

A flip-flop typically consists of two cross-coupled NOR or NAND gates. These gates form a pair of opposite outputs of each other. For example, when the output of one gate is high, the other gate's output is low. The flip-flop uses the principle of reciprocity to store binary data. This feedback allows the flip-flop to retain its state until an external signal is applied to change the state.

The basic working of a D flip-flop is as follows. In a typical D flip-flop, the input is known as data input and it is denoted by the symbol 'D'. The 'D' input is a digital input that can be high or low. When the clock (or pulse) signal is applied to the flip-flop, the output is updated according to the value of the 'D' input. If the 'D' input is high, then the output will be high; if the 'D' input is low, then the output will be low.

The flip-flop has various types, including Data flip-flop, D flip-flop, JK flip-flop, and T flip-flop. SR flip-flop uses two inputs known as 'S' and 'R' to update the output and is used in various digital circuits but is less reliable than other types. D flip-flop is known for its simplistic and low cost but it is slower than other types. JK flip-flop uses 'J' and 'K' inputs, which update the output and has a more complex logic. It is widely used in various digital applications but its usage needs to be done carefully. T flip-flop is known for its fast response and is generally used in counters, frequency dividers, and other digital circuits.

Each of the flip-flop types has distinct features, advantages, and applications. Understanding the basic principles of the digital flip-flops can greatly improve any individual's knowledge about digital electronics and help him/her in making better choices and applications.

Flip-flops play a pivotal role in digital circuits such as counters, memory units, sequential logic circuits, and other applications. In counters, they help in counting the number of pulses and provide output at designated intervals, while in memory units, they store the data and help in accessing it. They find application in sequential logic circuits and in generating frequency division and also used in digital watches, calculators, and mobile phones.