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What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the notion that natural processes can cause organisms to develop over time. This includes the development of new species and change in appearance of existing ones.

This has been proven by numerous examples such as the stickleback fish species that can thrive in salt or fresh water, and 에볼루션 바카라 사이트 walking stick insect types that prefer particular host plants. These reversible traits are not able to explain fundamental changes to the basic body plan.

Evolution by Natural Selection

Scientists have been fascinated by the development of all the living organisms that inhabit our planet for ages. The best-established explanation is Darwin's natural selection, a process that occurs when individuals that are better adapted survive and reproduce more successfully than those less well adapted. Over time, a community of well adapted individuals grows and eventually becomes a new species.

Natural selection is an ongoing process and involves the interaction of three factors that are: reproduction, 에볼루션코리아 variation and inheritance. Sexual reproduction and mutation increase the genetic diversity of the species. Inheritance is the term used to describe the transmission of a person's genetic characteristics, 에볼루션 블랙잭 which includes recessive and dominant genes and their offspring. Reproduction is the process of producing fertile, viable offspring. This can be accomplished through sexual or asexual methods.

Natural selection is only possible when all these elements are in equilibrium. If, for instance an allele of a dominant gene allows an organism to reproduce and 에볼루션 게이밍 survive more than the recessive allele then the dominant allele becomes more prevalent in a group. However, if the allele confers a disadvantage in survival or decreases fertility, it will disappear from the population. The process is self-reinforcing, meaning that an organism with a beneficial characteristic will survive and reproduce more than an individual with a maladaptive characteristic. The more offspring an organism produces the more fit it is which is measured by its capacity to reproduce itself and survive. People with good traits, like a longer neck in giraffes and bright white colors in male peacocks are more likely to be able to survive and create offspring, so they will eventually make up the majority of the population in the future.

Natural selection is only an element in the population and not on individuals. This is a major distinction from the Lamarckian evolution theory that states that animals acquire traits either through use or lack of use. For instance, if the giraffe's neck gets longer through reaching out to catch prey and its offspring will inherit a larger neck. The difference in neck size between generations will increase until the giraffe is unable to reproduce with other giraffes.

Evolution by Genetic Drift

Genetic drift occurs when alleles from one gene are distributed randomly in a population. At some point, only one of them will be fixed (become widespread enough to not longer be eliminated through natural selection), and the other alleles diminish in frequency. In the extreme it can lead to one allele dominance. The other alleles are eliminated, and heterozygosity falls to zero. In a small number of people this could result in the total elimination of recessive allele. This is known as a bottleneck effect and it is typical of evolutionary process when a large amount of individuals move to form a new group.

A phenotypic bottleneck can also occur when the survivors of a catastrophe like an epidemic or mass hunting event, are condensed in a limited area. The surviving individuals will be mostly homozygous for the dominant allele which means they will all share the same phenotype and consequently have the same fitness traits. This could be caused by earthquakes, war or even a plague. The genetically distinct population, 에볼루션 무료 바카라 if left vulnerable to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, Walsh, and Ariew define drift as a deviation from expected values due to differences in fitness. They cite a famous instance of twins who are genetically identical, share identical phenotypes, but one is struck by lightening and dies while the other lives and reproduces.

This kind of drift could be very important in the evolution of an entire species. However, it's not the only way to evolve. The main alternative is a process known as natural selection, where the phenotypic diversity of the population is maintained through mutation and migration.

Stephens asserts that there is a significant difference between treating drift as a force or as a cause and considering other causes of evolution, 에볼루션 바카라 사이트 such as selection, mutation, and migration as forces or causes. He argues that a causal-process account of drift allows us differentiate it from other forces, and this distinction is crucial. He further argues that drift is a directional force: that is, it tends to eliminate heterozygosity. It also has a magnitude, that is determined by population size.

Evolution by Lamarckism

Biology students in high school are frequently introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lemarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution, often called "Lamarckism which means that simple organisms develop into more complex organisms by taking on traits that result from the organism's use and misuse. Lamarckism can be demonstrated by an giraffe's neck stretching to reach higher levels of leaves in the trees. This could cause giraffes' longer necks to be passed to their offspring, who would then grow even taller.

Lamarck the French Zoologist, introduced an idea that was revolutionary in his 17 May 1802 opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged the previous thinking on organic transformation. In his view living things had evolved from inanimate matter via an escalating series of steps. Lamarck was not the first to make this claim, but he was widely regarded as the first to provide the subject a thorough and general overview.

The popular narrative is that Lamarckism grew into a rival to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, and that the two theories fought out in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually won and led to the development of what biologists now refer to as the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that traits acquired through evolution can be inherited and instead suggests that organisms evolve by the symbiosis of environmental factors, including natural selection.

Although Lamarck endorsed the idea of inheritance through acquired characters, and his contemporaries also paid lip-service to this notion, it was never a major feature in any of their theories about evolution. This is due to the fact that it was never scientifically validated.

It's been more than 200 year since Lamarck's birth, and in the age genomics, there is a growing evidence base that supports the heritability of acquired traits. This is referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more often epigenetic inheritance. It is a version of evolution that is as valid as the more popular Neo-Darwinian model.

Evolution by the process of adaptation

One of the most common misconceptions about evolution is its being driven by a fight for survival. This is a false assumption and overlooks other forces that drive evolution. The struggle for survival is more precisely described as a fight to survive within a specific environment, which may involve not only other organisms but also the physical environment.

Understanding how adaptation works is essential to understand evolution. It is a feature that allows living organisms to live in its environment and reproduce. It can be a physiological structure like feathers or fur or a behavior like moving into the shade in hot weather or coming out at night to avoid the cold.

The survival of an organism is dependent on its ability to extract energy from the surrounding environment and interact with other organisms and their physical environments. The organism must possess the right genes to produce offspring, and must be able to find enough food and other resources. Furthermore, the organism needs to be able to reproduce itself at an optimal rate within its environment.

These factors, together with mutation and gene flow, lead to a change in the proportion of alleles (different forms of a gene) in the population's gene pool. This change in allele frequency can result in the emergence of new traits, and eventually new species over time.

Many of the features that we admire about animals and plants are adaptations, for example, lung or gills for removing oxygen from the air, fur or feathers to provide insulation long legs to run away from predators, and camouflage to hide. However, a proper understanding of adaptation requires a keen eye to the distinction between the physiological and behavioral traits.

Physiological adaptations like thick fur or gills are physical characteristics, whereas behavioral adaptations, such as the tendency to seek out companions or to move to shade in hot weather, are not. In addition it is important to note that a lack of forethought does not make something an adaptation. Inability to think about the consequences of a decision even if it appears to be rational, could make it inflexible.