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What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the idea that natural processes can cause organisms to evolve over time. This includes the creation of new species as well as the alteration of the appearance of existing ones.

This is evident in many examples of stickleback fish species that can thrive in salt or fresh water, and walking stick insect types that prefer particular host plants. These mostly reversible trait permutations, however, cannot be the reason for fundamental changes in body plans.

Evolution by Natural Selection

The evolution of the myriad living organisms on Earth is an enigma that has intrigued scientists for many centuries. The most widely accepted explanation is Charles Darwin's natural selection, an evolutionary process that occurs when better-adapted individuals survive and reproduce more successfully than those who are less well adapted. As time passes, the number of individuals who are well-adapted grows and eventually forms an entirely new species.

Natural selection is a process that is cyclical and involves the interaction of 3 factors that are: reproduction, variation and inheritance. Variation is caused by mutations and sexual reproduction both of which enhance the genetic diversity within a species. Inheritance refers to the passing of a person's genetic characteristics to the offspring of that person which includes both dominant and recessive alleles. Reproduction is the process of producing fertile, viable offspring. This can be done via sexual or asexual methods.

All of these variables have to be in equilibrium to allow natural selection to take place. For example the case where a dominant allele at a gene allows an organism to live and reproduce more often than the recessive allele, the dominant allele will be more common in the population. If the allele confers a negative survival advantage or decreases the fertility of the population, it will go away. The process is self-reinforcing meaning that the organism with an adaptive trait will survive and reproduce more quickly than those with a maladaptive feature. The more offspring that an organism has, the greater its fitness that is determined by its ability to reproduce and survive. Individuals with favorable traits, like longer necks in giraffes and bright white color patterns in male peacocks are more likely be able to survive and create offspring, which means they will eventually make up the majority of the population in the future.

Natural selection only affects populations, not individual organisms. This is a significant distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution that states that animals acquire traits either through usage or inaction. If a giraffe extends its neck in order to catch prey, and the neck becomes longer, then the children will inherit this characteristic. The difference in neck size between generations will continue to increase until the giraffe is no longer able to reproduce with other giraffes.

Evolution by Genetic Drift

In genetic drift, the alleles of a gene could be at different frequencies in a population through random events. At some point, only one of them will be fixed (become common enough that it can no longer be eliminated through natural selection), and the other alleles will decrease in frequency. This could lead to dominance at the extreme. The other alleles are essentially eliminated, and heterozygosity decreases to zero. In a small population this could result in the total elimination of the recessive allele. This scenario is called the bottleneck effect and is typical of an evolutionary process that occurs whenever the number of individuals migrate to form a group.

A phenotypic bottleneck can also happen when the survivors of a disaster, such as an epidemic or a massive hunt, are confined into a small area. The surviving individuals will be largely homozygous for the dominant allele which means that they will all share the same phenotype and will thus have the same fitness characteristics. This can be caused by earthquakes, war or even a plague. The genetically distinct population, if it remains, could be susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, Lewens, and Ariew utilize Lewens, Walsh and Ariew employ a "purely outcome-oriented" definition of drift as any deviation from the expected values for different fitness levels. They cite the famous example of twins who are genetically identical and share the same phenotype. However one is struck by lightning and dies, while the other continues to reproduce.

This kind of drift could be very important in the evolution of the species. This isn't the only method of evolution. The primary alternative is a process known as natural selection, in which the phenotypic variation of a population is maintained by mutation and migration.

Stephens argues that there is a significant difference between treating the phenomenon of drift as a force or as an underlying cause, and considering other causes of evolution, such as mutation, selection and migration as causes or causes. Stephens claims that a causal process account of drift allows us separate it from other forces and this differentiation is crucial. He also argues that drift has a direction: that is, it tends to eliminate heterozygosity, and that it also has a size, that is determined by the size of the population.

Evolution by Lamarckism

Biology students in high school are frequently introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution, also referred to as "Lamarckism" is based on the idea that simple organisms transform into more complex organisms taking on traits that result from the use and abuse of an organism. Lamarckism can be illustrated by an giraffe's neck stretching to reach higher levels of leaves in the trees. This causes the longer necks of giraffes to be passed on to their offspring who would then grow even taller.

Lamarck Lamarck, a French zoologist, presented an innovative idea in his 17 May 1802 opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged conventional wisdom on organic transformation. According to him living things had evolved from inanimate matter through a series of gradual steps. Lamarck was not the first to suggest that this might be the case, but the general consensus is that he was the one giving the subject its first general and comprehensive analysis.

The most popular story is that Charles Darwin's theory on natural selection and 에볼루션 게이밍 Lamarckism fought in the 19th century. Darwinism ultimately won, leading to what biologists refer to as the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that acquired traits can be passed down and instead argues that organisms evolve through the selective influence of environmental elements, like Natural Selection.

While Lamarck believed in the concept of inheritance by acquired characters and his contemporaries also paid lip-service to this notion, it was never an integral part of any of their evolutionary theories. This is largely due to the fact that it was never tested scientifically.

It has been more than 200 year since Lamarck's birth and in the field of age genomics, there is a growing evidence base that supports the heritability of acquired traits. This is referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more generally epigenetic inheritance. This is a version that is as valid as the popular neodarwinian model.

Evolution through Adaptation

One of the most widespread misconceptions about evolution is that it is driven by a sort of struggle for survival. This view is inaccurate and overlooks other forces that drive evolution. The struggle for survival is more accurately described as a struggle to survive within a particular environment, which could involve not only other organisms but also the physical environment.

To understand how evolution operates, it is helpful to consider what adaptation is. It is a feature that allows living organisms to live in its environment and reproduce. It can be a physical feature, like fur or feathers. Or it can be a trait of behavior such as moving into the shade during the heat, or coming out to avoid the cold at night.

The survival of an organism is dependent on its ability to obtain energy from the environment and to interact with other organisms and their physical environments. The organism should possess the right genes to create offspring and to be able to access sufficient food and resources. The organism should be able to reproduce itself at an amount that is appropriate for its particular niche.

These elements, in conjunction with gene flow and mutation, lead to an alteration in the percentage of alleles (different forms of a gene) in a population's gene pool. The change in frequency of alleles can lead to the emergence of new traits and eventually, new species over time.

A lot of the traits we admire in animals and plants are adaptations. For example the lungs or gills which draw oxygen from air feathers and fur for insulation long legs to run away from predators and camouflage for hiding. To understand adaptation it is crucial to discern between physiological and behavioral characteristics.

Physiological adaptations, such as thick fur or gills are physical characteristics, whereas behavioral adaptations, such as the tendency to seek out companions or to retreat into the shade in hot weather, 에볼루션 블랙잭 에볼루션 바카라 무료 (Recommended Online site) are not. In addition, it is important to note that lack of planning does not mean that something is an adaptation. Failure to consider the consequences of a decision, 에볼루션 바카라 even if it appears to be rational, may cause it to be unadaptive.