• 목록
• 답변
• 글쓰기
• 게시판 리스트 옵션
  • 수정
  • 삭제

What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the notion that the natural processes of organisms can cause them to develop over time. This includes the evolution of new species and alteration of the appearance of existing ones.

Numerous examples have been offered of this, including various varieties of stickleback fish that can live in salt or fresh water, as well as walking stick insect varieties that are attracted to particular host plants. These mostly reversible trait permutations however, are not able to explain fundamental changes in body plans.

Evolution by Natural Selection

Scientists have been fascinated by the development of all living organisms that inhabit our planet for ages. The most widely accepted explanation is that of Charles Darwin's natural selection process, a process that is triggered when more well-adapted individuals live longer and reproduce more effectively than those who are less well adapted. Over time, a community of well-adapted individuals expands and eventually creates a new species.

Natural selection is a process that is cyclical and involves the interaction of three factors including reproduction, variation and 에볼루션 바카라사이트 inheritance. Variation is caused by mutation and sexual reproduction both of which increase the genetic diversity within a species. Inheritance refers to the passing of a person's genetic traits to their offspring which includes both recessive and dominant alleles. Reproduction is the generation of fertile, viable offspring, which includes both asexual and sexual methods.

Natural selection is only possible when all the factors are in balance. If, for example the dominant gene allele makes an organism reproduce and last longer than the recessive allele, then the dominant allele will become more common in a population. If the allele confers a negative advantage to survival or decreases the fertility of the population, it will disappear. This process is self-reinforcing which means that an organism that has a beneficial trait is more likely to survive and reproduce than an individual with a maladaptive characteristic. The more offspring that an organism has, the greater its fitness that is determined by its capacity to reproduce and survive. People with good traits, like having a long neck in Giraffes, or the bright white color patterns on male peacocks are more likely to others to reproduce and 에볼루션 게이밍 survive and 에볼루션 바카라사이트 eventually lead to them becoming the majority.

Natural selection is only a force for populations, 에볼루션 슬롯 not individuals. This is an important distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution which states that animals acquire characteristics by use or inactivity. For instance, if a Giraffe's neck grows longer due to reaching out to catch prey its offspring will inherit a more long neck. The length difference between generations will continue until the giraffe's neck becomes too long to not breed with other giraffes.

Evolution through Genetic Drift

Genetic drift occurs when alleles from the same gene are randomly distributed in a group. At some point, one will attain fixation (become so widespread that it cannot be eliminated by natural selection) and other alleles fall to lower frequency. In the extreme, this leads to one allele dominance. The other alleles are eliminated, and 에볼루션 룰렛 (harper-perkins-3.Thoughtlanes.net) heterozygosity is reduced to zero. In a small number of people, this could lead to the total elimination of recessive allele. Such a scenario would be known as a bottleneck effect and it is typical of evolutionary process that takes place when a large amount of individuals move to form a new group.

A phenotypic 'bottleneck' can also occur when the survivors of a catastrophe like an outbreak or a mass hunting event are concentrated in the same area. The surviving individuals will be mostly homozygous for the dominant allele, which means that they will all have the same phenotype and therefore share the same fitness characteristics. This situation could be caused by earthquakes, war, or even plagues. The genetically distinct population, if it is left susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh, Lewens, and Ariew utilize Lewens, Walsh and Ariew employ a "purely outcome-oriented" definition of drift as any departure from the expected values for differences in fitness. They give a famous example of twins that are genetically identical and have the exact same phenotype but one is struck by lightning and dies, while the other lives and reproduces.

This kind of drift could be vital to the evolution of the species. But, it's not the only method to progress. Natural selection is the primary alternative, where mutations and migration keep the phenotypic diversity of the population.

Stephens claims that there is a major difference between treating the phenomenon of drift as a force or as an underlying cause, and treating other causes of evolution such as selection, mutation and migration as forces or causes. Stephens claims that a causal process model of drift allows us to separate it from other forces and this distinction is essential. He also argues that drift is both a direction, 에볼루션 바카라사이트 i.e., it tends to eliminate heterozygosity. It also has a size which is determined based on the size of the population.

Evolution by Lamarckism

Biology students in high school are frequently exposed to Jean-Baptiste lamarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution, also called "Lamarckism which means that simple organisms develop into more complex organisms adopting traits that are a product of the use and abuse of an organism. Lamarckism can be illustrated by a giraffe extending its neck to reach higher leaves in the trees. This could cause giraffes to give their longer necks to their offspring, who would then grow even taller.

Lamarck was a French Zoologist. In his inaugural lecture for his course on invertebrate zoology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on 17 May 1802, he presented an original idea that fundamentally challenged the conventional wisdom about organic transformation. According to Lamarck, living creatures evolved from inanimate materials by a series of gradual steps. Lamarck wasn't the only one to propose this but he was regarded as the first to give the subject a thorough and general overview.

The predominant story is that Charles Darwin's theory on evolution by natural selection and Lamarckism were competing during the 19th century. Darwinism eventually prevailed, leading to what biologists refer to as the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that acquired characteristics can be inherited, and instead suggests that organisms evolve through the selective action of environmental factors, including natural selection.

Although Lamarck supported the notion of inheritance by acquired characters and his contemporaries paid lip-service to this notion however, it was not an integral part of any of their evolutionary theories. This is partly due to the fact that it was never validated scientifically.

It's been more than 200 year since Lamarck's birth and in the field of age genomics, there is an increasing body of evidence that supports the heritability-acquired characteristics. This is also known as "neo Lamarckism", or more commonly epigenetic inheritance. This is a version that is as valid as the popular neodarwinian model.

Evolution through Adaptation

One of the most popular misconceptions about evolution is being driven by a struggle for survival. This notion is not true and ignores other forces driving evolution. The struggle for existence is better described as a struggle to survive in a certain environment. This may be a challenge for not just other living things, but also the physical environment.

To understand how evolution works, it is helpful to understand what is adaptation. The term "adaptation" refers to any specific characteristic that allows an organism to live and reproduce in its environment. It can be a physiological feature, like feathers or fur or a behavioral characteristic such as a tendency to move to the shade during the heat or leaving at night to avoid cold.

The ability of an organism to draw energy from its surroundings and interact with other organisms and their physical environments is essential to its survival. The organism should possess the right genes to create offspring and to be able to access sufficient food and resources. Moreover, the organism must be able to reproduce itself at an optimal rate within its environment.

These elements, in conjunction with gene flow and mutation, lead to changes in the ratio of alleles (different forms of a gene) in a population's gene pool. This shift in the frequency of alleles can lead to the emergence of new traits and eventually, new species in the course of time.

A lot of the traits we admire about animals and plants are adaptations, such as lung or gills for removing oxygen from the air, fur or feathers to provide insulation long legs to run away from predators, and camouflage to hide. To understand adaptation, it is important to discern between physiological and behavioral traits.

Physiological adaptations, such as thick fur or gills, are physical traits, while behavioral adaptations, such as the tendency to seek out friends or to move to shade in hot weather, aren't. In addition it is important to remember that a lack of forethought is not a reason to make something an adaptation. Inability to think about the consequences of a decision, even if it appears to be rational, may make it unadaptive.