• 목록
• 답변
• 글쓰기
• 게시판 리스트 옵션
  • 수정
  • 삭제

What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the idea that the natural processes of organisms can cause them to develop over time. This includes the creation of new species as well as the alteration of the appearance of existing ones.

Many examples have been given of this, including various kinds of stickleback fish that can live in fresh or salt water and walking stick insect varieties that favor specific host plants. These reversible traits however, are not able to explain fundamental changes in basic body plans.

Evolution by Natural Selection

Scientists have been fascinated by the evolution of all living creatures that live on our planet for many centuries. The most well-known explanation is Charles Darwin's natural selection, a process that occurs when individuals that are better adapted survive and reproduce more effectively than those who are less well adapted. Over time, a population of well-adapted individuals expands and 에볼루션게이밍 eventually forms a whole new species.

Natural selection is an ongoing process and involves the interaction of three factors including reproduction, variation and inheritance. Variation is caused by mutations and sexual reproduction both of which enhance the genetic diversity of an animal species. Inheritance is the term used to describe the transmission of a person’s genetic traits, including both dominant and recessive genes, to their offspring. Reproduction is the process of creating fertile, viable offspring. This can be achieved via sexual or asexual methods.

All of these elements must be in balance for natural selection to occur. If, for example an allele of a dominant gene allows an organism to reproduce and last longer than the recessive gene then the dominant allele becomes more prevalent in a group. If the allele confers a negative survival advantage or reduces the fertility of the population, it will be eliminated. This process is self-reinforcing which means that an organism that has a beneficial trait will survive and reproduce more than an individual with a maladaptive characteristic. The more offspring an organism can produce the more fit it is which is measured by its ability to reproduce itself and survive. People with good characteristics, such as having a long neck in Giraffes, or the bright white patterns on male peacocks are more likely to others to reproduce and 에볼루션 survive which eventually leads to them becoming the majority.

Natural selection is only a factor in populations and not on individuals. This is an important distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution which states that animals acquire traits through use or disuse. For example, if a Giraffe's neck grows longer due to stretching to reach for prey, its offspring will inherit a larger neck. The differences in neck length between generations will persist until the neck of the giraffe becomes too long that it can not breed with other giraffes.

Evolution through Genetic Drift

In genetic drift, alleles at a gene may be at different frequencies in a group due to random events. At some point, one will attain fixation (become so common that it can no longer be eliminated by natural selection), while the other alleles drop to lower frequencies. In extreme cases it can lead to a single allele dominance. The other alleles have been essentially eliminated and heterozygosity has diminished to a minimum. In a small population it could result in the complete elimination the recessive gene. Such a scenario would be known as a bottleneck effect and it is typical of the kind of evolutionary process when a lot of individuals move to form a new group.

A phenotypic bottleneck can also occur when survivors of a disaster like an outbreak or 에볼루션 바카라 사이트 a mass hunting incident are concentrated in a small area. The survivors will share a dominant allele and thus will have the same phenotype. This situation could be caused by war, earthquakes, or even plagues. Regardless of the cause, the genetically distinct population that remains could be prone to genetic drift.

Walsh, Lewens, and Ariew employ Lewens, Walsh and Ariew employ a "purely outcome-oriented" definition of drift as any deviation from the expected values of different fitness levels. They give the famous example of twins that are genetically identical and share the same phenotype, but one is struck by lightning and dies, but the other is able to reproduce.

This kind of drift can be very important in the evolution of an entire species. But, it's not the only way to evolve. Natural selection is the main alternative, where mutations and migration maintain phenotypic diversity within the population.

Stephens argues that there is a significant difference between treating the phenomenon of drift as a force, 에볼루션 바카라 사이트 or a cause and treating other causes of evolution like mutation, selection and migration as causes or causes. He claims that a causal mechanism account of drift permits us to differentiate it from other forces, and this distinction is vital. He further argues that drift is a directional force: that is, 에볼루션 it tends to eliminate heterozygosity, 에볼루션 and that it also has a specific magnitude that is determined by the size of the population.

Evolution by Lamarckism

Biology students in high school are often introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lemarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution, commonly called "Lamarckism is based on the idea that simple organisms transform into more complex organisms by taking on traits that result from the organism's use and misuse. Lamarckism is usually illustrated with an image of a giraffe extending its neck to reach higher up in the trees. This could cause the necks of giraffes that are longer to be passed to their offspring, who would then become taller.

Lamarck, a French zoologist, presented an idea that was revolutionary in his opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged traditional thinking about organic transformation. According to Lamarck, living creatures evolved from inanimate materials through a series of gradual steps. Lamarck was not the only one to suggest that this might be the case but he is widely seen as being the one who gave the subject its first general and comprehensive treatment.

The predominant story is that Charles Darwin's theory on evolution by natural selection and Lamarckism were competing during the 19th century. Darwinism eventually won, leading to the development of what biologists refer to as the Modern Synthesis. The Modern Synthesis theory denies that traits acquired through evolution can be inherited, and instead, it argues that organisms develop through the action of environmental factors, such as natural selection.

Lamarck and his contemporaries endorsed the idea that acquired characters could be passed on to future generations. However, this idea was never a major part of any of their evolutionary theories. This is due to the fact that it was never scientifically tested.

However, it has been more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and in the age genomics, there is a large amount of evidence that supports the heritability of acquired traits. This is referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more generally epigenetic inheritance. It is a version of evolution that is as relevant as the more popular neo-Darwinian model.

Evolution through Adaptation

One of the most common misconceptions about evolution is its being driven by a struggle to survive. In fact, this view misrepresents natural selection and ignores the other forces that determine the rate of evolution. The fight for survival can be more accurately described as a struggle to survive within a particular environment, which can include not just other organisms but as well the physical environment.

Understanding the concept of adaptation is crucial to comprehend evolution. The term "adaptation" refers to any specific feature that allows an organism to live and reproduce in its environment. It could be a physical structure, like fur or feathers. Or it can be a characteristic of behavior such as moving towards shade during hot weather, or escaping the cold at night.

An organism's survival depends on its ability to draw energy from the environment and interact with other organisms and their physical environments. The organism should possess the right genes for producing offspring and be able find sufficient food and resources. The organism should be able to reproduce itself at the rate that is suitable for its specific niche.

These factors, together with gene flow and mutation result in a change in the proportion of alleles (different types of a gene) in a population's gene pool. As time passes, this shift in allele frequencies can result in the development of new traits and ultimately new species.

Many of the characteristics we admire about animals and plants are adaptations, for example, lung or gills for removing oxygen from the air, fur or feathers for insulation long legs to run away from predators and camouflage for hiding. However, a thorough understanding of adaptation requires attention to the distinction between behavioral and physiological characteristics.

Physiological adaptations like thick fur or gills, are physical characteristics, whereas behavioral adaptations, like the desire to find companions or to move into the shade in hot weather, are not. It is important to note that insufficient planning does not result in an adaptation. Inability to think about the effects of a behavior, even if it appears to be logical, can cause it to be unadaptive.