• 목록
• 답변
• 글쓰기
• 게시판 리스트 옵션
  • 수정
  • 삭제

Evolution Korea

The democratic system in South Korea is prone to populist tendencies. It's still more stable than was expected.

The country is in search of an alternative development model. The Confucian culture, which emphasizes respect for ancestors as well as gendered family relationships, continues to be influential in the society. However, there are signs that a secular culture is gaining ground.

Origins

In prehistoric times, the ancestors to today's Koreans were capable of survival through hunting and gathering wild food. Around 10,000 years ago they began to cultivate millet, beans and other crops. They also raised livestock and even made furs. They formed tribal states in Manchuria and later on the Korean peninsula. They also created an industry for metalworking, which produced bronze tools, and later iron ones. They traded with other countries and introduced celadon and block printing to Japan and also art styles as well as a written language and paper making.

In 2333 BCE Gojoseon was founded in the southern part of the peninsula. This state embraced Buddhism and adopted Chinese culture, including Confucian philosophy. During this period the people of Buyeo joined Gojoseon. Gojoseon had a hierarchical structure that included a monarch as well as senior officials were drawn from the landed aristocracy while the majority of the population were peasants. The state collected taxes from these citizens and sometimes even forced them to join the army or build fortifications.

At the close of this period the state of Baekje was founded by Onjo who was a prince of Goguryeo and was the son of Jumong who was the founder of Goguryeo. This new kingdom expanded its territory to the southwest of the peninsula and clashed with Goguryeo and China's commandos in the region. Baekje introduced elements of Confucian beliefs into its official belief system and made the male centered filiopiety concept an official doctrine in 1390 CE. Under the guise of filiopiety fathers were accountable to their families and had to be revered and obeyed by all, including their grandchildren and children.

Goryeo, a country which ruled from 918 until 1392 CE and gave the world the Hangul Alphabet based on the shapes created by the mouth while pronouncing. This significantly improved communication between people, and resulted in an explosion of the writing of Buddhist texts. Woodblock printing and movable metal type were also refined. In 1145 CE, the Samguk Sagi or "History of the Three Kingdoms" was recorded for the first time.

The evolution of Korea

The Korean peninsula was inhabited from Neolithic times onwards. Early evidence of human settlements can be found in the form of graves lined with stone, and decorated with precious objects like amazonite jewelry buried with the dead. Megalithic structures known as dolmens, made of enormous single stones, are common throughout the country.

Gojoseon became the first political state to be recognized in the first half of 1st millennium BCE. The peninsula was then ruled by a number of states during the Three Kingdoms Period (57 BC-635 CE), including Baekje and Goguryeo. Additionally, the northern part of the peninsula was ruled by the Balhae kingdom, which the majority of historians don't consider to be a valid Korean state.

Following the Three Kingdoms arose the Proto-Three Kingdoms Period, or Several States Period. In all of them, Baekje was the most powerful state however, its dynasty ended with the fall of Goguryeo in 676 CE leaving the southern provinces of Manchuria and the western region surrounding the Hwanghae Bay, while eastern Buyeo and the Gaya confederacy prospered for a period of time.

The Unified Silla Kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms started to work together to expand their territories. Silla with the help of the Chinese, eventually conquered and united the peninsula in 935.

As Korea is entering the post-crisis phase its development model appears to be changing. Those who are appalled by the enormous cost of the old system would prefer the need for a comprehensive program of liberalization of capital, labor, and product markets. On the other hand the people who support the old system attempt to preserve it through nationalist sentiments, and by stoking fears of job losses.

Academics and analysts are divided on the extent to which Korea's development is influenced by these two trends. This article reviews the latest developments by analyzing five phases of Korea's political development: democratic illiberalism (1945-60) democratic authoritarianism (1961-72) and authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-87), democratic paternalism (1987-2001) and participatory democracy (2002 to present). This article also identifies key factors that are the driving force behind these developments.

Creationism in Korea

In South Korea, 26 percent of the population is Christian. Creationists have succeeded in promoting their views to this population. A survey conducted in 2009 revealed that nearly one third of respondents do not believe in evolution. Of those who voted, 41% said that there wasn't enough scientific evidence to support evolution; 39% said the theory did not align with their beliefs; and 17% said it was difficult to comprehend. The level of doubt is similar to that of the United States where a similar percentage do not believe humans evolved from less advanced types of life.

In the past of the anti-evolutionist movement in Korea was focused on teaching college students and leading them to Christ. A significant rise in interest in creation science came in the year 1980, following an all-day seminar that was held during the World Evangelization Crusade in Seoul which featured Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Giss of ICR were the featured speakers. The event attracted an impressive crowd of professors, scientists, and church leaders.

The success of this event resulted in the establishment of the Korea Association of Creation Research (KACR) on January 31 1981. The event was extensively covered in the national press, including The Korea Times, Chosun Ilbo and The Korea Times.

KACR began publishing a newsletter titled CREATION. In it, the group published its own activities and published articles on scientific evidence supporting creationism. It also translated several slides and 에볼루션 바카라 사이트 (Clinfowiki blog post) film strips from ICR and also some books on creationism which were already published outside of Korea. KACR members gave lectures across the country in churches and universities.

A KACR success was witnessed at the KAIST University in Seoul. Students at the KAIST university in Seoul were so fascinated by creationism that they raised money and secured funding to build a small creationist museum on campus.

In addition to its work, KACR has published a bimonthly magazine, 바카라 에볼루션 사이트, cool training, 에볼루션 사이트 CREATION. The magazine covers subjects in the field of creation science. It also sponsored a series of lectures by ICR staff. It has also created branches in local offices that host talks and seminars to schoolchildren and community groups.

The evolution of South Korea

In the latter half of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century, Korea moved toward a Westernised lifestyle. The traditional Korean dress, the hanbok, was replaced by miniskirts, as well as other foreign fashion elements. In the same way, traditional Korean music styles were replaced by modern rock and roll and 에볼루션코리아 jazz. In this period the samulnori, or masked dance dramas, were popular with the public. These dramatic dances were performed to the accompaniment of shaman drums as well as various types of musical instruments.

Korea's new development model is being created in the aftermath of the economic crisis. The main challenge for the new regime is to find an equilibrium between state-led and market-oriented economic policies. It also involves changing incentives, monitoring or discipline schemes that have been a part of the system prior the crisis. These issues are discussed in Chapters 3 and 4.

Baekje, founded by Onjo, prince and third son of Jumong of Goguryeo was established by people from the Hangang River area, Buyeo, and other areas and also by a migrant from northern China. In the 4th century, in the early part of, Baekje was a major regional power, and expanded its territory as far as Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do in the south. This meant that it was constantly in conflict with Goguryeo, and the Chinese commanderies on the border.

The fall of Silla in the 8th and early 9th centuries saw strong local factions to emerge. Gungye was a nobleman from Later Baekje who established a kingdom in Songak with Songak as the capital. He was the ruler of a large portion of the present-day Jeolla province as well as Chungcheong. Then, he moved the capital to Wansanju and became a rival of Goguryeo.

However his rule was not long-lasting. After his defeat, Gungye was replaced by a powerful local leader, Wang Geon, 에볼루션 사이트 who united Goryeo with Baekje and Silla in 935. Later Baekje was incorporated peacefully into Goryeo as an heir state. In addition, Wang Geon introduced fundamental reforms and strengthened a centralized ruling system. This was the end of the Three Kingdoms Period. The Korean peninsula was then ruled by the Goryeo Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms Period, Goguryeo Baekje Silla slowly developed into powerful states on the peninsula, and in Manchuria.