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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
CLKs' awareness and capacity to make use of relational affordances, as well as learning-internal factors, were significant. RIs from TS and ZL, for example were able to cite their local professor relationship as the primary reason for their pragmatic decision to avoid criticizing a strict professor (see examples 2).
This article reviews all local published pragmatic research on Korean until 2020. It focuses on core pragmatic issues such as:
Discourse Construction Tests
The Discourse Completion Test (DCT) is a widely used instrument in research that is based on pragmatic principles. It has many strengths however, it also has its disadvantages. The DCT for instance, cannot account cultural and individual variations. The DCT can also be biased and result in overgeneralizations. It is important to carefully analyze the data before being used for research or assessment.
Despite its limitations, the DCT is a valuable tool to investigate the relationship between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate social variables that affect politeness in two or more steps can be a plus. This feature can help researchers study the role of prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, a key issue in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics DCT is one of the most useful tools for analyzing communication behaviors of learners. It can be used to study various issues, including politeness, turn-taking, and the choices made in lexical use. It can be used to assess the level of phonological sophistication in learners speaking.
A recent study employed an DCT to test EFL students' refusal skills. Participants were given a set of scenarios to choose from, and were then asked to select the appropriate response. The authors discovered that the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal like videos or questionnaires. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other types of data collection methods.
DCTs can be developed using specific language requirements, like design and content. These criteria are based on intuition and based on the assumptions of test designers. They aren't always correct, and they could misrepresent the way that ELF learners actually resist requests in actual interactions. This issue calls for further studies of alternative methods of assessing the ability to refuse.
In a recent study, DCT responses to student requests via email were compared with the responses of an oral DCT. The results revealed that the DCT promoted more direct and traditionally form-based requests, and a lesser use of hints than email data did.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study explored Chinese learners' pragmatic choices in their use of Korean through a variety of tools that were tested, including Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs), metapragmatic questionnaires, 프라그마틱 정품 사이트 무료게임 - expressbookmark.com, and Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs of intermediate or higher ability who responded to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked to consider their evaluations and refusal performances in RIs. The results showed that CLKs are more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms. Their decisions were influenced by four factors such as their personality and multilingual identities, their current life histories as well as their relationships. These findings have pedagogical consequences for 프라그마틱 홈페이지 L2 Korean assessment.
The MQ data was first analyzed to determine the participants' practical choices. The data were categorized according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the choices were matched with their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine whether they showed a pattern of resistance to pragmatics or not. The interviewees were asked to explain their choices of behavior in a particular situation.
The results of the MQs and DCTs were then analysed using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. It was found that the CLKs frequently used euphemistic responses such as "sorry" and "thank you." This is likely due to their lack of experience with the target language which led to an insufficient understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences to diverge from L1 and L2 norms or to converge towards L1 norms varied based on the DCT circumstances. For example, in Situation 3 and 12 the CLKs would prefer to diverge from both L1 and pragmatic norms, whereas in Situation 14 they preferred converging to L1 norms.
The RIs showed that CLKs knew about their practical resistance to each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one basis within a period of two days of participants completing the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, and then coded by two coders from different companies. The coders worked in an iterative manner and involved the coders reading and discussing each transcript. The results of the coding process are evaluated against the original RI transcripts to determine whether they accurately portrayed the underlying behavior.
Refusal Interviews (RIs)
One of the major questions in pragmatic research is the reason why learners are hesitant to adhere to pragmatic norms that native speakers use. Recent research sought to answer this question with various experimental tools including DCTs MQs and 프라그마틱 플레이 추천 (https://health-lists.com/story18683268/8-tips-to-enhance-your-pragmatic-free-trial-game) RIs. The participants consisted of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. Participants were required to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or their L2. They were then invited to an RI, where they were required to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT scenario.
The results showed that, on average, the CLKs disapproved of the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they were able to produce patterns that were similar to native speakers. They were also aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their decisions to learner-internal factors such as their personalities and multilingual identities as well as ongoing life experiences. They also mentioned external factors, like relational affordances. They described, for example, how their relations with their professors enabled them to perform better in terms of the linguistic and cultural norms at their university.
However, the interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and penalties that they might be subjected to if they strayed from the local social norms. They were concerned that their native interactants might think they are "foreigners" and think they are not intelligent. This was a concern similar to the concerns voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These results suggest that native speakers pragmatic norms aren't the norm for Korean learners. They could still be useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. But it is advisable for future researchers to revisit their usefulness in particular situations and in various cultural contexts. This will allow them to better understand the effect of different cultural environments on the classroom behavior and interactions of students in L2. This will also aid educators develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consultancy.
Case Studies
The case study method is a research strategy that utilizes intensive, participant-centered research to explore a particular subject. It is a method that makes use of numerous sources of data to support the findings, including interviews and observations, documents, and artifacts. This kind of investigation can be used to study complicated or unique issues that are difficult to other methods of measuring.
The first step in conducting a case study is to clearly define the subject and the goals of the study. This will help determine which aspects of the subject are important for investigation and which ones could be left out. It is also helpful to read the literature on to the topic to gain a better understanding of the topic and place the case study within a larger theoretical context.
This case study was based on an open source platform, the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its specific benchmarks for Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study showed that L2 Korean students were highly susceptible to native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answer choices that were literal interpretations of the prompts, thereby ignoring the correct pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency to add their own text or "garbage," to their responses, further reducing their response quality.
Additionally, the participants in this study were L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at the end of their second or third year at university and were hoping to achieve level 6 on their next attempt. They were asked questions about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness, understanding understanding of the world.
The interviewees were presented with two situations, each involving an imagined interaction with their interlocutors and were asked to choose one of the following strategies to use when making an inquiry. The interviewees were asked to justify their choice. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatism to their personality. For example, TS claimed that she was hard to get close to, and so she refused to ask about the well-being of her friend with the burden of a job despite her belief that native Koreans would ask.
CLKs' awareness and capacity to make use of relational affordances, as well as learning-internal factors, were significant. RIs from TS and ZL, for example were able to cite their local professor relationship as the primary reason for their pragmatic decision to avoid criticizing a strict professor (see examples 2).
This article reviews all local published pragmatic research on Korean until 2020. It focuses on core pragmatic issues such as:
Discourse Construction Tests
The Discourse Completion Test (DCT) is a widely used instrument in research that is based on pragmatic principles. It has many strengths however, it also has its disadvantages. The DCT for instance, cannot account cultural and individual variations. The DCT can also be biased and result in overgeneralizations. It is important to carefully analyze the data before being used for research or assessment.
Despite its limitations, the DCT is a valuable tool to investigate the relationship between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate social variables that affect politeness in two or more steps can be a plus. This feature can help researchers study the role of prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, a key issue in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics DCT is one of the most useful tools for analyzing communication behaviors of learners. It can be used to study various issues, including politeness, turn-taking, and the choices made in lexical use. It can be used to assess the level of phonological sophistication in learners speaking.
A recent study employed an DCT to test EFL students' refusal skills. Participants were given a set of scenarios to choose from, and were then asked to select the appropriate response. The authors discovered that the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal like videos or questionnaires. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other types of data collection methods.
DCTs can be developed using specific language requirements, like design and content. These criteria are based on intuition and based on the assumptions of test designers. They aren't always correct, and they could misrepresent the way that ELF learners actually resist requests in actual interactions. This issue calls for further studies of alternative methods of assessing the ability to refuse.
In a recent study, DCT responses to student requests via email were compared with the responses of an oral DCT. The results revealed that the DCT promoted more direct and traditionally form-based requests, and a lesser use of hints than email data did.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study explored Chinese learners' pragmatic choices in their use of Korean through a variety of tools that were tested, including Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs), metapragmatic questionnaires, 프라그마틱 정품 사이트 무료게임 - expressbookmark.com, and Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs of intermediate or higher ability who responded to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked to consider their evaluations and refusal performances in RIs. The results showed that CLKs are more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms. Their decisions were influenced by four factors such as their personality and multilingual identities, their current life histories as well as their relationships. These findings have pedagogical consequences for 프라그마틱 홈페이지 L2 Korean assessment.
The MQ data was first analyzed to determine the participants' practical choices. The data were categorized according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the choices were matched with their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine whether they showed a pattern of resistance to pragmatics or not. The interviewees were asked to explain their choices of behavior in a particular situation.
The results of the MQs and DCTs were then analysed using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. It was found that the CLKs frequently used euphemistic responses such as "sorry" and "thank you." This is likely due to their lack of experience with the target language which led to an insufficient understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences to diverge from L1 and L2 norms or to converge towards L1 norms varied based on the DCT circumstances. For example, in Situation 3 and 12 the CLKs would prefer to diverge from both L1 and pragmatic norms, whereas in Situation 14 they preferred converging to L1 norms.
The RIs showed that CLKs knew about their practical resistance to each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one basis within a period of two days of participants completing the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, and then coded by two coders from different companies. The coders worked in an iterative manner and involved the coders reading and discussing each transcript. The results of the coding process are evaluated against the original RI transcripts to determine whether they accurately portrayed the underlying behavior.
Refusal Interviews (RIs)
One of the major questions in pragmatic research is the reason why learners are hesitant to adhere to pragmatic norms that native speakers use. Recent research sought to answer this question with various experimental tools including DCTs MQs and 프라그마틱 플레이 추천 (https://health-lists.com/story18683268/8-tips-to-enhance-your-pragmatic-free-trial-game) RIs. The participants consisted of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. Participants were required to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or their L2. They were then invited to an RI, where they were required to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT scenario.
The results showed that, on average, the CLKs disapproved of the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they were able to produce patterns that were similar to native speakers. They were also aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their decisions to learner-internal factors such as their personalities and multilingual identities as well as ongoing life experiences. They also mentioned external factors, like relational affordances. They described, for example, how their relations with their professors enabled them to perform better in terms of the linguistic and cultural norms at their university.
However, the interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and penalties that they might be subjected to if they strayed from the local social norms. They were concerned that their native interactants might think they are "foreigners" and think they are not intelligent. This was a concern similar to the concerns voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These results suggest that native speakers pragmatic norms aren't the norm for Korean learners. They could still be useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. But it is advisable for future researchers to revisit their usefulness in particular situations and in various cultural contexts. This will allow them to better understand the effect of different cultural environments on the classroom behavior and interactions of students in L2. This will also aid educators develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consultancy.
Case Studies
The case study method is a research strategy that utilizes intensive, participant-centered research to explore a particular subject. It is a method that makes use of numerous sources of data to support the findings, including interviews and observations, documents, and artifacts. This kind of investigation can be used to study complicated or unique issues that are difficult to other methods of measuring.
The first step in conducting a case study is to clearly define the subject and the goals of the study. This will help determine which aspects of the subject are important for investigation and which ones could be left out. It is also helpful to read the literature on to the topic to gain a better understanding of the topic and place the case study within a larger theoretical context.
This case study was based on an open source platform, the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its specific benchmarks for Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study showed that L2 Korean students were highly susceptible to native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answer choices that were literal interpretations of the prompts, thereby ignoring the correct pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency to add their own text or "garbage," to their responses, further reducing their response quality.
Additionally, the participants in this study were L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at the end of their second or third year at university and were hoping to achieve level 6 on their next attempt. They were asked questions about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness, understanding understanding of the world.
The interviewees were presented with two situations, each involving an imagined interaction with their interlocutors and were asked to choose one of the following strategies to use when making an inquiry. The interviewees were asked to justify their choice. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatism to their personality. For example, TS claimed that she was hard to get close to, and so she refused to ask about the well-being of her friend with the burden of a job despite her belief that native Koreans would ask.
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