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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso uses precision pressure and incredible filter technology to produce the coffee we love. How does it work exactly?

In order to make espresso, hot water is pushed under pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee but the key difference is in the pressure.

The Group Head

The name implies the group head is where you place your portafilter while brewing espresso. It is responsible for dispersing the water into the portafilter and then controlling the pressure of the extraction. There are numerous kinds of group heads, each with its own advantages and drawbacks. Some are designed for temperature stability while others are specifically designed to handle pre-infusion. Others are made to control the lever. There are even some that include a mix of features, such as the E61 one, which is the most popular choice among baristas for its ability to offer multiple benefits in one package.

As you can see in the above photo the group head comes with several notches to place your portafilter before twisting it manually to secure it. A gasket made of rubber is positioned inside the notches, which helps create a seal as you insert your portafilter. The notches allow for an exact placement of the portafilter. This is essential for an even extraction.

The group head does not just allow the portafilter to be inserted easily however it also keeps a constant temperature. It does this by cycling hot water through the brew basket and around the portafilter to ensure that it is always at the correct temperature to extract. It is important to note that even a few degree differences can make the distinction between a decent and a excellent espresso.

The Pump

Unlike manual piston machines, that use a lever to pressurize water, the rotary uk espresso machine machines use motorized pumps to supply the nine atmospheric bars of pressure required to extract espresso. This pressure is built up by pumping water through a heat exchanger and then through the ground coffee.

Pumps tend to be less expensive than piston-driven machines, and tend to last longer, although both types of machines can be damaged by excessive use and inadequate cleaning. They also increase the complexity of mechanical systems which can result in costly prices for even the simplest models.

Some espresso machines espresso machines use steam pressure instead of a pump in order to brew espresso. The drawback is that the same boiler that produces steam also increases the temperature of water to the point of boiling and can result in excessive extraction. Additionally the machines often have to restore their pressure between cups, which takes time and energy.

Many espresso machines make use of an rotary or vibrating pump, with a vibration model that uses a vibrating disc to create pressure, and the rotary model pushing hot water through the grounds under high speed. Both machines can produce excellent espresso, however rotary machines are more quiet, durable and less likely to break.

The Boiler

The boiler is the component that heats water to an optimal temperature to extract. The steam that is produced reaches the portafilter which holds the ground espresso coffee and is then pumped down into the cup. The steam causes enough pressure to push the grounds of coffee through. This results in a crema on top of the espresso. This is a sign of a good espresso.

There are three distinct types of espresso machines home machines, each having a different type of pump and brew temperature. There are a variety of ways that the brew can be controlled as well as the size of the cup that the machine is capable of making.

The earliest espresso machines were steam types. They utilized one boiler to create both steam and brew, but the pressure they could produce was not very high - two bars of atmospheric pressure, at most. This led to the coffee tasting bitter and burnt. The modern espresso machine was created by the Milanese producers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni.

The most commonly used espresso machine is a semiautomatic model with an electric pump. This is what people envision when they think of an espresso maker. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp the beans yourself, but the pump regulates the water flow and pressure. This is a perfect combination of human control and mechanised reliability.

The Filter

Typically, espresso coffee makers machines have filters to separate the grounds of coffee as they move through the hot water. The filter is also a vital component of the machine's temp control, as it prevents overheating.

It also helps with flavor, as it allows for a longer bloom time. This helps the beans to release their flavors and provides the chance for better extraction.

It is important to remember that even the best small espresso machine filter can make a bad cup of coffee. The quality of the beans, and the extraction process, remain vital.

It's here that the magic occurs. This is the reason why espresso tastes so delicious. The grouphead, also referred to as the brewhead, is where the portafilter (the thingy you put the coffee grounds into) is placed when making espresso.

Steam-driven espresso machines make use of hot water heated in an airtight container to make steam. The steam then pushes hot water into the grounds of coffee under high pressure. These kinds of machines tend to be cheaper and easier to maintain than pumps-driven models. They are however limited for creating the ideal conditions for brewing since they only operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The ideal shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, espresso machines driven by compressed air-pump have become increasingly popular. They use an air compressor to push hot water through the grounds, Machine Espresso and are far more portable than electric steam-driven machines.