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What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the concept that natural processes can cause organisms to evolve over time. This includes the development of new species and the change in appearance of existing species.

This has been demonstrated by numerous examples such as the stickleback fish species that can live in fresh or saltwater and walking stick insect species that have a preference for particular host plants. These reversible traits are not able to explain fundamental changes to the body's basic plans.

Evolution through Natural Selection

The development of the myriad living organisms on Earth is an enigma that has intrigued scientists for decades. The most widely accepted explanation is Darwin's natural selection process, a process that occurs when better-adapted individuals survive and reproduce more successfully than those that are less well adapted. As time passes, 에볼루션 사이트 the number of well-adapted individuals grows and eventually creates an entirely new species.

Natural selection is an ongoing process that involves the interaction of three elements including inheritance, variation, and reproduction. Sexual reproduction and mutations increase the genetic diversity of a species. Inheritance refers to the transmission of a person’s genetic traits, which include recessive and dominant genes, to their offspring. Reproduction is the production of fertile, viable offspring, which includes both sexual and asexual methods.

All of these elements have to be in equilibrium for natural selection to occur. If, for instance, a dominant gene allele causes an organism reproduce and survive more than the recessive allele, 에볼루션사이트 then the dominant allele becomes more common in a population. If the allele confers a negative advantage to survival or reduces the fertility of the population, it will be eliminated. The process is self-reinforcing, meaning that a species that has a beneficial trait can reproduce and survive longer than an individual with a maladaptive characteristic. The greater an organism's fitness as measured by its capacity to reproduce and endure, is the higher number of offspring it will produce. People with good characteristics, such as the long neck of giraffes, or bright white patterns on male peacocks, are more likely than others to reproduce and survive and 에볼루션 사이트 eventually lead to them becoming the majority.

Natural selection only acts on populations, not individuals. This is a crucial distinction from the Lamarckian evolution theory that states that animals acquire traits either through use or lack of use. If a giraffe extends its neck to reach prey and the neck grows longer, then the offspring will inherit this trait. The differences in neck size between generations will continue to grow until the giraffe becomes unable to breed with other giraffes.

Evolution through Genetic Drift

In genetic drift, the alleles at a gene may be at different frequencies within a population due to random events. At some point, one will attain fixation (become so widespread that it cannot be eliminated through natural selection), while the other alleles drop to lower frequencies. In the extreme, this leads to a single allele dominance. The other alleles are eliminated, and heterozygosity falls to zero. In a small number of people it could result in the complete elimination the recessive gene. This is known as the bottleneck effect and is typical of the evolutionary process that occurs when a large number individuals migrate to form a population.

A phenotypic bottleneck could happen when the survivors of a disaster like an epidemic or a massive hunt, are confined within a narrow area. The survivors will carry a dominant allele and thus will share the same phenotype. This could be caused by war, earthquake or even a cholera outbreak. The genetically distinct population, if left, could be susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, Walsh and Ariew define drift as a deviation from the expected values due to differences in fitness. They provide a well-known instance of twins who are genetically identical and have the exact same phenotype and 에볼루션카지노 yet one is struck by lightening and dies while the other lives and reproduces.

This kind of drift could play a significant role in the evolution of an organism. However, it is not the only way to evolve. The primary alternative is to use a process known as natural selection, where phenotypic variation in a population is maintained by mutation and migration.

Stephens argues there is a vast difference between treating the phenomenon of drift as an actual cause or force, and treating other causes like selection mutation and migration as causes and 에볼루션바카라 forces. Stephens claims that a causal process explanation of drift lets us distinguish it from other forces and this distinction is essential. He further argues that drift has direction, i.e., it tends to reduce heterozygosity. It also has a size which is determined based on the size of the population.

Evolution by Lamarckism

When students in high school take biology classes, they are frequently introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution is commonly called "Lamarckism" and it states that simple organisms grow into more complex organisms by the inheritance of characteristics that are a result of an organism's natural activities usage, use and disuse. Lamarckism is usually illustrated with the image of a giraffe that extends its neck further to reach leaves higher up in the trees. This causes the necks of giraffes that are longer to be passed onto their offspring who would then become taller.

Lamarck was a French zoologist and, in his lecture to begin his course on invertebrate zoology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on the 17th May 1802, he presented a groundbreaking concept that radically challenged previous thinking about organic transformation. According to Lamarck, living creatures evolved from inanimate material by a series of gradual steps. Lamarck wasn't the only one to propose this however he was widely considered to be the first to provide the subject a thorough and general treatment.

The most popular story is that Lamarckism was an opponent to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, and that the two theories battled out in the 19th century. Darwinism ultimately prevailed and led to what biologists refer to as the Modern Synthesis. This theory denies the possibility that acquired traits can be inherited, and instead argues that organisms evolve through the action of environmental factors, like natural selection.

Lamarck and his contemporaries endorsed the idea that acquired characters could be passed down to future generations. However, this idea was never a major part of any of their theories on evolution. This is largely due to the fact that it was never tested scientifically.

It's been more than 200 year since Lamarck's birth, and in the age genomics, there is an increasing evidence base that supports the heritability acquired characteristics. This is also known as "neo Lamarckism", or more often epigenetic inheritance. It is a version of evolution that is just as relevant as the more popular Neo-Darwinian theory.

Evolution by adaptation

One of the most commonly-held misconceptions about evolution is its being driven by a struggle to survive. In fact, this view is a misrepresentation of natural selection and ignores the other forces that are driving evolution. The struggle for existence is better described as a fight to survive in a particular environment. This may be a challenge for not just other living things but also the physical environment itself.

To understand how evolution works it is important to consider what adaptation is. It refers to a specific characteristic that allows an organism to survive and reproduce within its environment. It could be a physiological structure like feathers or fur, or a behavioral trait, such as moving to the shade during hot weather or coming out at night to avoid the cold.

The ability of an organism to extract energy from its environment and interact with other organisms as well as their physical environments, is crucial to its survival. The organism must possess the right genes for producing offspring and to be able to access sufficient food and resources. Moreover, the organism must be capable of reproducing itself at a high rate within its niche.

These factors, together with mutation and gene flow can result in changes in the ratio of alleles (different forms of a gene) in the population's gene pool. This shift in the frequency of alleles can result in the emergence of new traits and eventually, new species as time passes.

Many of the characteristics we admire in animals and plants are adaptations. For example the lungs or gills which extract oxygen from the air feathers and fur as insulation and long legs to get away from predators, and camouflage to hide. To comprehend adaptation it is crucial to differentiate between physiological and behavioral traits.

Physical traits such as thick fur and gills are physical traits. Behavior adaptations aren't like the tendency of animals to seek companionship or retreat into shade in hot temperatures. It is also important to keep in mind that insufficient planning does not make an adaptation. In fact, failing to consider the consequences of a behavior can make it unadaptable even though it appears to be reasonable or even essential.